Ultrasonido

 Therapeutic ultrasound




                                   





What is therapeutic ultrasound?

It is a form of energy that comes from mechanical vibrations, which spreads out in the form of longitudinal compression waves,Ultrasound therapy is a form of physical therapy that uses sound waves with a frequency higher than our hearing threshold. This noninvasive therapy is also known as boundary surface therapy, meaning its effects will be most pronounced at the existing boundaries of the human body's tissues.



Generalities:

It is a form of mechanical energy, but we usually classify it as part of the electrophysical group. The normal range of human sound perception is from 16 Hz to approximately 15–20,000 Hz.

Beyond this upper limit, mechanical vibrations are known as ultrasound. The frequencies typically used for therapeutic ultrasound range from 1.0 to 3.0 MHz (1 MHz = 1 million cycles per second).








Prescription: 

These are very high-frequency sound waves that can reduce inflammation, contractures, and excess fluid in tissues. Ultrasonic waves penetrate tissues, depending on their emission frequency—typically 1 or 3 MHz—up to a maximum depth of 5 cm.

Cycle type:pulsed or continuous

Application mode:Direct

Frequency:1MHZ/3MHZ

Intensity or power:1,2w/cm2

Application time:ERA (the head) or measure the area

Duty cycle:continuous (100%) and pulsed (10%, 20%, 50%)

Energy dose:30J/cm2 y 40J/cm2 





Parameters:

  • Frequency
  • Propagation velocity
  • Interaction of US with tissue
  • Angle of incidence
  • Attenuation
  • Pulse repetition frequency.







Indications:

  • Myalgia
  • Tendon and ligament injuries
  • Neuropathies
  • Muscle spasms
  • Contractures






Contraindicactions:

  • During pregnancy, do not apply ultrasound near the uterus.
  • Do not place ultrasound over cancerous tissue.
  • Do not place ultrasound over significant vascular abnormalities, including deep vein thrombosis, embolism, and severe arteriosclerosis.
  • Patients with hemophilia.







Current benefits:

  • Stimulation of circulation and blood flow
  • Pain relief and reduction of inflammation
  • Facilitates tissue healing



Characteristics:


The therapeutic ultrasound beam is not uniform and its nature varies depending on the distance from the transducer or head. This field presents significant areas of interference, as in certain parts of the field the ultrasound energy can be much greater than that delivered to the machine (possibly as much as 12 to 15 times greater).
Beyond this limit lies the far field or Fraunhofer zone. In this field, the ultrasound beam is more uniform, less divergent, and the "hot spots" observed in the near field are not significant.








Non-thermal effects, mechanical effect:

  • Promotes immune response
  • Increases fibroblast production
  • Accelerates healing processes
  • Decreases peripheral nerve conduction velocity

Thermal effects

  • Endorphins modulate pain.
  • They cause vasodilation, histamines, and prostaglandins.
  • They activate local metabolism.
  • They trigger the inflammatory process.






  • Therapeutic ultrasound is important because it helps relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and improve tissue recovery. Its waves generate heat and microvibrations, which promote circulation, relax muscles, and accelerate healing. It is a key tool in physical therapy for treating injuries and improving mobility.





Members:

  • Jennifer Valentina Cordero 
  • Karen Daniela Castro 
  • Karen Poveda 
  • Maria Alejandra Lopez 





Referencias:





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